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act: one of the major divisions of a play. in classical theory, a play is divided into five acts, but the number was cut to four by ibsen. most modern plays employ three acts, althought many have only two or eliminate act structure entirely and use only scene division.
scenes: the french clssical playwrights, for instance, began and concluded scenes by the entrances and exits of characters. in the modern theatrical performance scene divisions are marked by the use of the curtain, which is lowered at the conclusion of the scene to indicate a change either in time or local.
characters: I, hero -heroine, protagonist, confidant, antagonist
dramatic elements: agon, catharsis, chorus, deux ex machina, obligatory scene, parabasis
figures of speech: hyberbole, paradox, personification
narative types: autobiography, biography, epistolary novel, psychological novel, fiction
rhetorical figures: apostrophe, chiasmus, invocation, rhetorical question, zeugma


what is an ontology?

a body of formally represented knowledge is based on a conceptualization: the objects, concepts, and other entities that are assumed to exist in some area of interest and the relationships that hold among them. a conceptualization is an abstract, simplified view of the world that we wish to represent for some purpose. every knowledge base, knowledge-based system, or knowledge-level agent is committed to some conceptualization, explicitly or implicitly. an ontology is an explicit specification of a conceptualization. the term is borrowed from philosophy, where an ontology is a systematic account of existence.